{"id":9453,"date":"2019-09-24T09:18:31","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T09:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/managersoffice.net\/?p=9453"},"modified":"2019-09-24T09:18:31","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T09:18:31","slug":"the-benefits-of-economic-expansions-are-increasingly-going-to-the-richest-americans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/managersoffice.net\/el\/the-benefits-of-economic-expansions-are-increasingly-going-to-the-richest-americans\/","title":{"rendered":"The Benefits of Economic Expansions Are Increasingly Going to the Richest Americans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Economic expansions are supposed to be the good times, the periods in which incomes and living standards improve. And that\u2019s still true, at least for some of us. But who benefits from rising incomes in an expansion has changed drastically over the last 60 years. Pavlina R. Tcherneva<\/a>, an economist at Bard College, created a chart that vividly shows how. (The chart appears in print in the Fall 2014 edition of the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics<\/a>, in her article \u201cReorienting fiscal policy: A bottom-up approach.\u201d)<\/p>\n

Back in the 1940s, ’50s and ’60s, most of the income gains experienced during expansions \u2014 the periods from the trough of one recession until the onset of another \u2014 accrued to most of the people. That is to say, the bottom 90 percent of earners captured at least a majority of the rise in income.<\/p>\n

With each expansion in sequence, however, the bottom 90 percent captured a smaller share of income gains and the top 10 percent captured more.<\/p>\n

Fast-forward to the 1990s and early 2000s expansions, and a new pattern emerged, with the huge majority of income gains going to the top 10 percent, leaving pocket change for everybody else. From 2001 to 2007, 98 percent of income gains accrued to the top 10 percent of earners, Ms. Tcherneva found, basing her analysis on data from Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez, the academics who have made a speciality in documenting the rise of income inequality around the world. (As a point of reference, an American needed a 2011 adjusted gross income of $120,136 to be in the top 10 percent of earners that year, according to I.R.S. data.<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Which brings us to the current expansion. Ms. Tcherneva\u2019s data goes only through 2012, so perhaps in the two years since then things have gotten a bit better for most workers. But in the first three years of the current expansion, incomes actually fell for the bottom 90 percent of earners, even as they rose nicely for the top 10 percent. The result: The top 10 percent captured an impossible-seeming 116 percent of income gains during that span.<\/p>\n

But one consistent finding of research into inequality is that merely cutting things off at the top 5 or 10 percent of earners doesn\u2019t capture all of what is changing in patterns of wealth and earnings. So Ms. Tcherneva also compiled the same data for those in the top 1 percent. (The cutoff there, according to the I.R.S., is $388,905 in 2011 adjusted gross income).This pattern is, in its way, all the more striking. One percent of the population, in the first three years of the current expansion, took home 95 percent of the income gains.In the paper containing the chart, published this month in the Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, Ms. Tcherneva argues that this shift indicates a failure of the approach that governments take to stabilizing the economy. The postwar consensus has been that central bank action to cut interest rates should be the key tool to fight economic slumps, and to the degree fiscal policy ought be used at all, it should be tax and spending policies that boost the economy in the aggregate, such as cutting taxes temporarily.<\/p>\n

She argues that this approach isn\u2019t flowing through to broad-based wage gains because it is so untargeted. \u201cConventional fiscal fine-tuning measures ensure that when government increases its total demand for goods and services, it first improves the conditions of the skilled, employable, highly educated, and relatively highly-paid wage and salary workers,\u201d she wrote. \u201cIt is hoped that after those workers increase their own demand for products and services, the fiscal stimulus would trickle down to the less skilled and low-wage workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Manager\u2019s Office HR Dept<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Economic expansions are supposed to be the good times, the periods in which incomes and living standards improve. 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